AFRICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH

Shortening The Last-Mile: Impact of Zipline Medical Drone Delivery on The Operations of Hard-to-Reach Healthcare Facilities in Northern Ghana.

O. Atiga, B. J. Tanzubil, J. Asaana, E. C. Ayamba, M. T. Seidu, I. Mohammed — Sun, 23 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This research study investigated the impact of Zipline Medical Drone Delivery on the operations of last-mile healthcare facilities in northern Ghana.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research study adopted an exploratory research design to determine the impact of Zipline’s medical drone delivery on the operations of last-mile healthcare facilities in Northern Ghana. An online survey questionnaire was deployed to collect quantitative data from 159 trained employees of last-mile health facilities who were selected through a purposive sampling technique from last-mile drone-served healthcare facilities.

Findings: The study established that drone delivery speed, logistics efficiency and availability of drone delivery resources significantly impacted zipline delivery of medical commodities to last-mile public healthcare facilities in Northern Ghana, reducing commodity delivery lead-time and improving access to essential healthcare supplies for efficient service delivery.

Research Limitation/Implications: This research focused mainly on the impact of drone delivery of medical commodities on the operations of last-mile public healthcare facilities in Northern Ghana.

Practical Implications: The results of this study show that by enhancing drone delivery speed, logistics efficiency and drone resource availability, the operations of public healthcare facilities can be improved by ensuring that essential medicines are made available, patient waiting time is significantly reduced and outpatient services are improved.

Social Implication: The study recommends the establishment of a Zipline-Administrators partnership which will eventually result in a reduction of medical commodity lead-time, improved accessibility of patients to essential health commodity supplies and general cost savings to the community.

Originality/Value/Novelty: Although drone technology has been the subject of numerous studies in Ghana, none has investigated the impact of medical commodity drone delivery services on the operations of last-mile healthcare facilities in Northern Ghana. This study therefore explored the impact of drone delivery services from the last-mile healthcare facilities’ perspective.

Promoting Rural Entrepreneurship in Tanzania Through Empowering Voluntary Financial Saving Groups

A. K. Majenga, J. Namabira, E. K. Justine — Tue, 02 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study investigated the promotion of rural entrepreneurship in Tanzania through empowering Voluntary Financial Saving Groups (VFSGs). Specifically, the study examined practices adopted by VFSGs and challenges confronting such VFSGs.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional study using qualitative and quantitative approaches was carried out using a sample of 262 members of VFSGs that was selected using proportionate stratified sampling from different strata. The study was conducted in the Iringa region, whereas the Iringa and Kilolo districts were purposefully selected. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions were employed as data collection methods. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using content analysis. Descriptive statistics were adopted for quantitative data analysis, whereas mean scores were performed, followed by ranking.

Research Limitation: This study was limited to one geographical region, Iringa, with only two districts, Iringa and Kilolo. The limitation was attributed to limited time and financial resources to cover a wider scope.

Findings: Major findings of the study regarding practices adopted by VFSGs included inadequate training on enterprise development and management for members of VFSGs and inadequate seriousness to punish loan defaulters. Further, major findings about challenges facing VFSGs were the small amount of loans provided to members, inadequate business training to members, late loan repayment, the high dropout rate of members, unfavourable entrepreneurial cultures among members, conflict emerging among members and poor attendance in a meeting among members of VFSGs.

Practical implications: The study concludes that skills gaps and loan defaulters in VFSGs are practices that are less adopted. This calls for intervention through entrepreneurship and business training and further longitudinal studies to establish behavioural change over time after intervention.

Social Implication: Policies should mandate the provision of business training to VFSGs before they receive loans from money lenders. They should also focus on reducing mobile money transactional charges to fuel technology usage among VFSGs.

Originality: The empirical data gathered from various regions in rural Tanzania adds valuable, real-world evidence to the discourse on VFSGs and rural entrepreneurship. This data-driven approach strengthens the credibility and relevance of the study's conclusions and recommendations.

Renewable Energy Sources in The Context of Emissions Reduction: Geographical Aspects And Challenges for Sustainable Development

M. Kovalskyi, W. Duczmal, M. Oleksiuk, A. Skomorovskyi, Z. Berezivskyy — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of renewable energy sources' geographical aspects and challenges in reducing emissions and promoting sustainable development.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study adopts a qualitative approach to investigate renewable energy sources in the context of emissions reduction, focusing on geographical aspects and challenges for sustainable development. The methodology is designed to gain in-depth insights and understand the complexities of deploying and utilising renewable energy across different geographical regions. Case studies provide detailed, context-specific insights into the practical implementation and challenges of renewable energy projects. The selection of case studies follows a purposive sampling method to ensure diversity in geographical settings, types of renewable energy, and stages of development. Reviewing project reports, policy documents, and environmental assessments related to each case study. The data was analysed by cross-verifying information from different data sources to enhance the reliability and validity of the findings.

Research Limitation/Implications: It justifies the immediate construction of a “green economy” in Ukraine, drawing on theory and the experience of advanced countries.

Findings: The diversity of renewable energy sources, geographical influences, technological advancements, policy and regulatory frameworks, and socio-economic impacts influenced their efforts to reduce emissions.

Social Implication: The modern global economy faces significant challenges such as energy security, sustainable development of society, and climate change.

Practical Implication: The paper identifies directions and outlines paths and mechanisms for accelerated development. Indeed, such a powerful carbon dioxide and methane emissions surge has never been observed.

Originality/ Value: Recently, the most pressing issue is the “carbon footprint”, which refers to the total amount of carbon dioxide and methane emissions released into the environment due to human industrial activity. Measures to combat it will soon focus on modernising technologies to facilitate the transition to the sixth technological paradigm and minimise greenhouse gas emissions. Critical technical solutions may involve harnessing the potential of hydrogen energy and immobilising or preventing greenhouse gas formation technologies. As an alternative direction, the authors consider research to solve some issues related to hydrogen production using metals.

Innovation Park and Its Role in Stimulating Economic Growth

I. Krysovatyy, O. Rozumnyi, Y. Ivashkiv, E. Aliiev, Y. Furyk — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The study aims to analyse the functionality of innovation parks as part of economic development.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research utilised a purposive sampling technique to select countries that demonstrate successful innovation strategies, ensuring various economic contexts and approaches. Data were collected through secondary research, which included government reports, academic articles, statistical data from international organisations, and case studies of innovation parks and high-tech enterprises. Initially, a descriptive analysis summarised the data by critical themes such as innovation policy and government support. Thematic analysis was used to explore patterns related to the commercialisation of innovations and legislative regulation.

Findings: The rapid development of new technologies, globalisation of economic cooperation, and limited national budgets facilitate an intensification of the role of innovative solutions and strategies. These factors also lead to actualising regional and subregional scientific, technical, and creative cooperation.

Research Limitation/Implications: The authors have analysed the prospects for developing and functioning innovation parks in Ukraine and worldwide and identified the specifics of their industrial, technological, and scientific formations.

Social Implication: Innovation parks play a critical role in this process, driving the development and commercialisation of new products and stimulating economic growth and social progress.

Practical Implication: This model promotes benefits for the industry, such as technological integration, investment in human capital, and innovation systems, thereby increasing competitiveness in the global market. Innovation parks are integral components of this model, intensifying the development and commercialisation of innovative products and optimising production processes.

Originality/ Value: The study's novel aspects lie in its exploration of innovation parks' functionality, its analysis of their role in economic growth, its examination of legal and financial support for innovation, and its proposal of practical strategies for Ukraine's economic development.

Charting Paths for Socio-Economic Revival in the Wake of Military Turmoil

D. Kovalenko, S. Tarasov, A. Strunhar, L. Boltianska, K. Antonenko — Wed, 11 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The study aims to study socio-economic challenges and identify potential ways to restore the economy damaged by the war.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed a mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative approach. The quantitative data were obtained from publicly available national and international databases, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Ukrainian State Statistics Service, and Reports from NGOs and humanitarian agencies. The study combined statistical and content analysis to assess Ukraine's socio-economic challenges due to the military conflict.

Research Limitation: The military conflict is ongoing, and socio-economic challenges are continually evolving. Data collected at a certain time may not fully capture the long-term impacts or future developments.

Social Implication: The article examines the need to integrate innovative approaches into the recovery process by implementing long-term strategies that create conditions for attracting international investments.

Practical Implication: The study's results emphasise the importance of the participation of international cooperation, the effective use of investments and the development of human capital to achieve sustainable economic growth.

Originality/Value: Military conflicts leave deep crises in the structure of national economies, causing significant damage to infrastructure and human capital and creating severe socio-economic challenges. The research problem is to identify the economic recovery mechanism after the end of military operations in Ukraine.

Processing and Strength Characterisation of Banana Fibre Cordage

M. Akrofi, S. P. Pardie, E. Nkrumah, C. Frimpong — Fri, 27 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of banana fibres, explicitly focusing on silkiness, length, and morphological strength. The study aims to assess the limitations of fibre bundles and the impact of twist on the final product.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed experimental and analytical methods to investigate the properties and characteristics of banana fibres. SEM examination was used to analyse the mechanical properties of banana fibres. The fibres are examined for silkiness, length, and morphological strength. The universal strength test machine, following the ASTM D3822 standard, is used to evaluate the limitations of fibre bundles and the influence of twist on the final product.

Research Limitation: While this study provides valuable insights into the mechanical properties of banana fibres, it is essential to note that it is limited to evaluating specific aspects such as silkiness, length, and morphological strength. Further research is needed to explore other aspects of banana fibre, such as its dyeability or resistance to environmental factors, to understand its potential fully.

Findings: The study finds that 50 bundled banana fibre cords, with a twist rate of 7.5 tpi, exhibit a strength of 161.61 N/Mm², indicating their potential for commercial cord production. The fibre's absorption property is influenced by its scattered crystalline X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) pattern of 22.82θ and 35.58θ, and FTIR analysis reveals characteristic cellulose and lignin bonds at 3586cm-1. SEM images confirm the fibre and cord's high absorption propensity and strength, further supporting their commercial viability.

Practical Implication: The study contributes to understanding banana fibre yarn and its mechanical properties. The findings can inform the development of commercial cord production using banana fibres, potentially promoting sustainable and eco-friendly textile practices.

Social Implication: This could have positive social implications by reducing reliance on traditional textile materials and supporting the use of natural and renewable resources.

Originality/Value: This research adds value by providing insights into the mechanical properties of banana fibres and their suitability for commercial cord production. The study highlights the effects of twist, tensile strength, and water absorption, providing valuable information for researchers and practitioners in textile engineering.

Unleashing Economic Potential: Enhancing Cassava Production Efficiency in Nigeria

Wed, 19 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study is aimed at determining the economic efficiency of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Cassava) production in Nigeria’s Delta State. The study offers a detailed analysis of how socio-economic characteristics influence production output across both early and late farming seasons.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This study employed a multi-stage random sampling approach in selecting a diverse cohort of 500 cassava farmers engaged in both early and late-season cultivation. Through rigorous personal interviews, primary data was gathered that was both comprehensive and insightful. Advanced parametric statistics and the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier function were used for the analysis.

Findings: The mean economic efficiency scores were determined to be 0.63 for early-season farms, 0.78 for late-season farms, and 0.76 when considering all farms collectively. The output elasticities of material inputs, labour, and land were found to be 0.42, 0.61, and 0.05, respectively for all farms. For early-season farms, these values were 0.36, 0.68, and 0.04, whereas, for late-season farms, they were 0.31, 0.7, and 0.03.

Research Limitation/Implications: This work concentrated on Cassava production efficiency within and around Nigeria’s Delta area.

Practical Implication: Understanding the socio-economic factors that influence production during different seasons can help in designing strategies that maximize output in both early and late farming seasons.

Social Implication: This study would help agricultural development economists and policy-makers in addressing the economic problems of Cassava farmers both present and future generations.

Originality/Value: By examining both early and late farming seasons, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how socio-economic factors vary across different agricultural cycles. This dual-season approach is relatively rare and offers more detailed insights into the dynamics of cassava production throughout the year.

The Behavioural Change of Distribution Networks with Increasing Circuit Length and Load

J. E. Essilfie, P. K. Amoah — Sun, 23 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study investigated the behavioural change of distribution networks with increasing circuit length and load.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed a simulation-based experimental design using OpenDSS to model and analyse the behaviour of the distribution network under different scenarios. A combination of varying network lengths and loading levels was chosen to determine the behavioural changes of a network. A total of 100 simulations were conducted, representing 10 different circuit lengths and 10 different loading conditions. Data collection on voltage levels at various points along the circuit, focusing on the voltage at the end of the circuit was carried out. Each scenario will be modelled and analysed to study the voltage drop and stability. The simulation results were validated by comparing them with theoretical calculations and real-world measurements from similar networks.

Findings: It has been shown that, for every circuit length there is a maximum load that will result in a linear relationship maintaining the correct energy balance to respond to voltage regulation and power flow. With circuit length increase, capacitive reactance reduces while resistance and inductive reactance increase leading to a more inductive circuit.

Research Limitation/Implications: The research considered only changes in circuit length and loading as it was based on a simplified source-load equivalent circuit.

Practical implication: It draws the attention of practising engineers and designers to be mindful of the implications of load increase and network expansions on system characteristics. It forms a guide to the limit a circuit could be extended or loaded if system balance is to be maintained.

Social Implication: A stable and reliable power supply supports economic growth, public health, and safety, leading to improved quality of life. Ensuring all communities have reliable electricity fosters social equity and inclusion, promoting fairness and improving the quality of life for disadvantaged groups.

Originality/Value: The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive, realistic, and advanced approach to studying the behavioural changes in distribution networks with increasing circuit length and load. By addressing previously overlooked aspects and integrating modern computational and data analysis techniques, the study provides valuable new insights that can significantly improve the design, operation, and management of long distribution networks.

The Impact of Rwanda's Education on Fertility

R. Muremyi, I. Laurianne, W. Gasafari Mpabuka — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between education and fertility in Rwanda. The main objective of this study is to identify the impact of fertility on population growth in Rwanda

Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used the secondary data from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) reported as the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) dataset spanning 2010, 2015, and 2020 from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda(NISR). Utilising stratified random sampling, as implemented in the DHS datasets, provides a robust and representative sample for investigating the impact of growth phases on body weight and morphometrics across different age groups in Rwanda. The Logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of education on fertility in Rwanda.

Findings: Findings reveal that households with children are significantly more likely to attend school, and non-poor households exhibit higher attendance rates compared to those categorized as poor. Disparities in fertility rates between women with no education and those with higher education underscore the influence of education, with substantial reductions observed over the years. Contraceptive use displays differential patterns across education levels, with higher education correlating with increased usage. Median age of first birth rises with education level, indicating a shift towards later childbirth. The odds ratio (OR) of 0.842, implies that with each unit increase in education attainment, there's a decrease in the odds of experiencing the outcome variable, which presumably pertains to having children. Sex and marital status have minimal influence, with odds ratios of 1.078 and 1.06 respectively. Age shows negligible impact with an odds ratio of 1.01. Conversely, the wealth category strongly predicts having children, with higher-wealth individuals having 3.552 times higher odds.

The Research Limitation: Research is limited by the absence of current DHS dataset

Practical Implication: Understanding these dynamics can inform the development of more effective family planning strategies tailored to specific socio-cultural contexts, ultimately contributing to improved reproductive health outcomes.

Social Implication: Fertility rates exhibit a negative association with education, emphasising the importance of education in demographic transitions

Originality/ value: The unique contribution of this problem lies in its call for a context-specific examination of the relationship between education and fertility in Rwanda, incorporating socio-economic factors, as well as the need for longitudinal studies to capture the long-term effects of educational interventions on fertility behaviours.

Exploring The Drivers of Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Farmers in Tanzania's Agricultural Sector

M. A. Tambwe, M. A. Mapunda — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This paper investigates the entrepreneurial intentions of orange farmers in Muheza, Tanzania, by validating the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

Design/Methodology/ Approach: The study used a quantitative method approach, with cluster and simple random sampling, to recruit 349 orange farmers. The survey was conducted on 349 small-scale orange farmers in Muheza. To test the model, the constructs of entrepreneurship training, farmers’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control and entrepreneurial intention inputs were validated, followed by factor analysis and structural equation modelling.

Findings: The study's results revealed the crucial role of perceived behaviour control and attitudes in driving the entrepreneurial intention of orange farmers. This significant influence underscores the importance of these factors in the development of entrepreneurial intention among orange farmers. It was also found that attitudes and perceived behaviour control predicted the entrepreneurial intention of orange farmers but not subjective norms, providing valuable insights for future research and policy development.

Research Limitation: This study primarily focused on orange farmers in the Tanga Region, specifically in the Muheza District.

Practical Implication: The findings suggest a clear path for action. To foster and enhance the entrepreneurial intentions of orange farmers, the government and policymakers should concentrate on instilling positive attitudes and controlling perceived behaviour. By promoting a positive stance toward entrepreneurship, we can significantly boost the willingness of orange farmers to engage in commercial farming, thereby contributing to the growth and development of Tanzania's agricultural sector.

Social Implication: The study recommends policy options focusing on cultivating positive attitudes and perceived behaviour control among orange farmers to increase entrepreneurial intention, requiring concerted efforts from the government and policymakers.

Originality / Value/ Novelty: It contributes to the body of knowledge, addressing the gap regarding the drivers influencing orange farmers' entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, establishing validated drivers of entrepreneurial intention among Tanzanian orange farmers could significantly assist the government in promoting economic development and achieving its vision of becoming a semi-industrialized country.

Dialogical Speech in The Intercultural Context of The Service Sector

N. Savchuk, H. Apelt, R. Poznanskyy, L. Kopchak, M. Zhumbei — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The refinement of theoretical foundations for forming professional competence among service industry professionals is currently relevant in the socio-economic landscape, especially in the context of intercultural integration of society. This study aims to analyse the significant role of dialogical communication in an intercultural context in optimising the communicative effectiveness of the service industry.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research employed qualitative research general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, and formalisation. For this purpose, scientific articles, books, reports, and other sources containing information on the labour market and professional competencies in the service sector were selected. The texts were analysed to identify significant themes and patterns that exemplify the dynamic of dialogic speech within the intercultural context of the service industry.

Findings: Dialectic communication promotes effective interaction and cooperation between cultures and contributes to developing intercultural competence and forming professional competence. However, it also faces challenges, including cultural diversity, deficiencies in intercultural competence, and language barriers.

Research Limitation/Implications: A competency-based approach to this process requires a foundation in linguistic and cultural development and advanced dialogical communication skills.

Social Implication: The primary vectors for optimising organisational management through transforming companies' intercultural communication spheres were identified.

Practical Implication: The outcomes of the study have the potential to make a significant scientific and useful contribution to enhancing intercultural comprehension and collaboration in the service sector.

Originality/ Value: This study holds significance in light of the increasing importance of intercultural communication in the contemporary service sector. Using cognitive methods to study the dynamics of dialogues in an intercultural environment is an innovative approach.

An Assessment of Promoting Culinary Tourism in Ghana

R. E. Sanful, V. Commey, R. N. Okech, M. Kissi — Wed, 25 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: Ghana's tourism and hospitality industry has been extensively researched over the past five decades, primarily focusing on culture and heritage tourism, nature and economic tourism, marketing, and service quality. The aim is to assess the potential of culinary tourism as a powerful tool for creating sustainable livelihood empowerment channels, offering a beacon of hope for the future.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted with a rigorous qualitative research design and desk review approach, ensuring a comprehensive topic exploration. Published data and literature on the food tourism prospects of eight regions in Ghana were analysed. The gathered data was then subjected to content analysis, a common technique in qualitative research.

Research Limitation: The findings derived from the desk review may not be generalisable to other contexts, populations, or geographic areas due to the reliance on specific literature that may not capture all perspectives. This acknowledgement ensures that the audience is fully informed about the scope of the study.

Findings: The study exposes the stark reality that the culinary tourism market in Ghana, despite its significant potential, remains underdeveloped. This underscores the crucial need for strategic interventions and the active participation of all stakeholders in the industry's development.

Practical Implication: From a practical point of view, the Ghana Tourism Authority must show greater interest in developing the sector by organising regional and national food festivals annually. This effort must be publicised internationally to attract tourists interested in exploring Ghana's culinary diversity.

Social Implication: Culinary tourism promotes sustainable food production and consumption practices by emphasising local, seasonal, and environmentally friendly ingredients. This reduces tourism's carbon footprint and supports responsible consumption patterns.

Originality/Value: This study has revealed a significant research gap with practical implications. Thus, narratives on the potential of culinary tourism across eight regions in Ghana have known to have been provided practical actions towards enhancing culinary tourism in Ghana.

Innovation In The Energy Sector: The Transition To Renewable Sources As A Strategic Step Towards Sustainable Development

Y. Lukashevych, V. Evdokimov, A. Polukhin, I. Maksymova, D. Tsvilii — Wed, 19 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of innovative technologies in renewable energy sources and their strategic importance for sustainable development.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs a qualitative research design to explore the strategic transition to renewable energy sources to achieve sustainable development. A qualitative approach is chosen to provide in-depth insights into stakeholders' experiences, perceptions, and motivations in this transition. Relevant documents such as policy reports, strategic plans, and case studies were reviewed to provide contextual background and support the findings. The analysis considers the top 10 countries with the highest Energy Transition Index (ETI) scores for 2023. Data from documents were triangulated to enhance the credibility and reliability of the findings.

Findings: The results indicate the need for a paradigm shift in the energy sector by reducing dependence on imported fuels and reorienting to renewable sources.

Research Limitation/Implications: Realizing Europe’s potential faces several barriers, including the need for significant investment, developing an enabling regulatory environment and overcoming technological challenges.

Practical Implication: The dynamism of the energy sector is having a significant impact on the transition of developed nations to renewable energy sources, as they play a pivotal role in shaping the sustainable future of global energy.

Social Implication: Innovations in renewable energy have the potential to radically transform the energy landscape, offering solutions to today’s pressing environmental and economic challenges.

Originality/ Value: The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the energy sector and emphasising the strategic importance of renewable energy sources for sustainable development. The study highlights innovative achievements in the field of renewable energy and important challenges faced by the energy transformation process.

Digital Transformation of Ukrainian Libraries: Current State and Prospects

Y. Horban, T. Dolbenko, N. Kobyzhcha, V. Kasian, O. Karakoz, N. Haisyniuk — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: Researching the current state and prospects of the digital transformation of libraries in Ukraine is relevant to understanding and addressing the challenges that libraries face amidst the rapid development of technologies and changes in ways of perceiving and disseminating information.

Design/Methodology/Approach: For this study, the sample was drawn from the population of public libraries in Ukraine (11338 in total). The sample included libraries selected by random sampling. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect information about the availability of computers and Internet connections in Ukrainian libraries. The questionnaire was distributed electronically and by mail to library representatives. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, were calculated to summarise the prevalence of computers and Internet access in Ukrainian libraries.

Findings: The findings revealed that the low level of computerisation poses a barrier to the implementation of modern technologies and access to digital resources. Furthermore, financial difficulties hinder the ability to invest in digital initiatives and innovative projects.

Research Limitation/Implications: This study includes issues related to the digitalisation of Ukrainian libraries and can be applied to the digitalisation of libraries as a whole.

Social Implication: The digital transformation of Ukrainian libraries has profound social implications that extend beyond the realm of information access and technological advancement. This democratization of information promotes lifelong learning, promotes research efforts, and promotes informed decision-making by citizens.

Practical Implication: In this context, it is necessary to digitally transform libraries to ensure effective access to information and meet the needs of users in the digital environment.

Originality/ Value: The study focuses on the social consequences of digital transformation increasing the availability of information and reducing the digital divide, which makes it important for understanding the modern challenges of Ukrainian libraries and their impact on society.

Unlocking Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Roadmap Through Challenges and Opportunities

O. A. Aluko, A. T. Odewale, K. Taiwo, H. Adefeso — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This paper aimed to explore the concept of inclusive growth within Nigeria's socio-economic framework, particularly in light of the Nigeria Agenda 2050 (NA2050), a strategic policy initiative. It seeks to understand Nigeria's multifaceted challenges and opportunities in achieving inclusive growth.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study reviewed secondary data sources including, reports from various agencies and institutions, and government data. It utilised thematic analysis to dissect and present insights into Nigeria's developmental trajectory as outlined by NA2050.

Findings: Despite significant economic strides, Nigeria struggles with socio-economic disparities, marked by high unemployment, rising inflation, and infrastructural deficits. The NA2050 is a crucial framework advocating for robust governance, macroeconomic stability, economic diversification, and human capital development to overcome these challenges.

Practical Implications: The study highlighted the essential roles of technological advancement and financial inclusion as key drivers of sustainable development and economic resilience in Nigeria. It calls for a multi-stakeholder approach to implement NA2050's strategies effectively, enhancing transparency in the oil sector, prioritising human capital development, and fostering private sector-led growth.

Social Implications: This research emphasised the need for inclusive growth that benefits all societal layers in Nigeria, addressing the persistent socio-economic gaps that hinder equitable development and social cohesion.

Originality and Value: The paper contributes to the discourse on inclusive growth by providing a pragmatic roadmap for Nigeria’s socio-economic revitalisation, offering a detailed analysis of the strategies embedded in the NA2050 and their potential impact on the nation's future.

Building Conversion in Cities: An Empirical Analysis of Ijapo Residential Estate Akure, Nigeria

Thu, 04 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study assessed city building conversion from the perspective of the Ijapo Residential Estate Akure, Ondo State. The objectives are to identify and examine the factors responsible for residential building conversion, assess the effect of building conversion on the existing planning scheme, and ascertain the level of building plan deviation from the original design.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This article annexed primary and secondary data collection sources using Ijapo residential master plans (pre-2002, 2012, and 2022). From these, 717 residential buildings were identified using Auto-cad and SPSS. The 717 buildings were multiplied by 5hpb (household per building), which amounts to 3585 households within the study area. Ten percent of the total buildings were selected randomly for the research. Field data were analysed using descriptive methods.

Findings: This is a 47.0% reduction in the identified approved land use for residential, 65.0% increase in commercial usage, a 55.0% increase in recreational use, 40.0% increase in institutional use of the building, 62.0% newly introduced mixed-use, as a result of 58.2% of the residents agreed that the reason for building conversion in Ijapo was for profit-making, while 40.0% of the respondent only adhered to the approved plan.

Research Limitation/Implication: This research focused on building conversion in cities with a major concern on Ijapo Residential Estate Akure, Nigeria.

Practical Implication: This paper has potential baseline implications for understanding strategic planning and urban/environmental sustainability of Planning Scheme adherence in Nigerian cities and other developing countries.

Social Implications: This study will assist development policymakers, developers, and land owners in addressing the diverse effects of building conversion on present and future generations.

Originality/Value: This study is based on a creative planning concept for curbing the menace of building conversion, as well as the design and implementation of a master plan by the planning authority.

The Teacher’s Role in The Formation of Mathematical Competence Through Symmedian Research

L. Hetmanenko — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The research is of significant importance as it focuses on evaluating instructional methods used by mathematics teachers to promote intellectual growth and develop critical thinking skills. The study aims to analyse the main teaching strategies that ensure students’ desire for independent learning.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative research paradigms to explore how modern approaches and practices can enhance professional mathematical competence among teachers. The exploration focuses specifically on the application of symmedian research in mathematical instruction. The research is based on solving problems in geometry, in particular, on studying the properties of the symmedian of a triangle, which contributes to the development of spatial perception and analytical thinking.

Findings: The integration of various methods and technologies is crucial in developing mathematical competence, preparing students for solving complex problems in a globalised world. The article's recommendations for using interactive tools, collaborative platforms, and adaptive software to improve math teaching, as well as its directions for optimising digital technologies and innovative methods in teaching mathematics, are of significant value.

Research Limitation/Implications: The article underscores the teacher's crucial role as a mediator who adapts traditional teaching methods to meet the demands of the modern educational environment. It highlights the practical implications of preparing students to thrive in a rapidly evolving world, making the research findings directly applicable to the professional practice of educators.

Social Implication: This paper highlights the importance of teachers acting as mediators who can adjust traditional teaching methods to meet the needs of the contemporary educational environment.

Practical Implication: This study underscores teachers' need to possess practical teaching skills, which are pivotal for ensuring students successfully assimilate and comprehend educational material.

Originality/ Value: By integrating symmedian concepts into the curriculum, this study offers new insights into how teachers can more effectively develop mathematical competence, thereby contributing a unique angle to the existing academic discourse on mathematical education.

Influence of Environmental Innovation on Ecological Productivity

A. Mykolaiets, V. Reznichenko, T. Yakovyshyna, O. Gogunska, O. Shpatakova — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This research aims to analyse the potential of advanced environmental technologies and innovations to improve ecological productivity.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is theoretical. The methods of generalisation, comparison, systematisation, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and concretisation were used at the theoretical level.

Research Limitation/Implications: The mechanisms for ensuring sustainable development through implementing environmental innovation activities were analysed. The essence of environmental innovations was identified, and trends in their implementation were revealed.

Findings: The activities of Ukrainian business entities are currently characterised by low innovation activity. Environmental innovations contribute to increasing environmental productivity through an effective coordinated vector of activities aimed at developing green energy.

Social Implication: The potential of economic stimulation and business motivation to transition to renewable energy sources to reduce emissions and increase climate resilience was identified.

Practical Implication: The research results' practical importance lies in their applicability to optimise Ukraine’s socio-economic development by implementing sustainable climate policies and preventive environmental conservation measures.

Originality/ Value: The research process has highlighted the significance of reducing the use of exhaustible resources and minimising emissions into the atmosphere to alleviate anthropogenic pressure on the environment.

Critical Factors Contributing to Under-Reporting of Occupational Accidents in The Construction Industry in Ghana

C. Darimaani, M. A. Akoogo, S. K. Ahiale, N. A. Kheni — Mon, 17 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: Governments around the world have a shared responsibility for the management of occupational health and safety (OHS). The study aims to explore the under-reporting of OHS accidents by employees and employers in the construction industry in Ghana.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study used a cross-sectional survey design and quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Data was gathered via a questionnaire. The survey involved 250 site managers and operatives from Upper West and Upper East Regions. Significant factors that contribute to the under-reporting of construction-related accidents were identified and prioritized using descriptive statistics. The Linear Structural Relationships (LISREL) factor analysis was used to confirm the important factors.

Findings: It was deduced from the findings that job security, workers’ attitudes, education and training, blame culture, interpersonal relationships, poor safety culture, lack of management commitment, poor communication, and company’s goal contribute significantly to the under-reporting of OHS accidents within construction firms in Ghana. In the study, factors contributing to the under-reporting of construction site accidents to statutory authorities included education and training, the environment, politics/government, legal/regulations, and socio-cultural practices.

Practical Implications: The findings will enable construction companies to make investments to develop accident reporting systems that are easier to use and more accessible. This may include developing mobile reporting apps, and training employees how to use the reporting apps and tools efficiently.

Social Implications: Employee safety and well-being is one of the main societal ramifications. Policymakers can use the findings to develop more robust policies aimed at improving accident reporting and prevention measures in the construction industry.

Originality and Value: This research offers valuable insights into the factors influencing the underreporting of occupational health and safety (OHS) accidents on construction sites.

Optimising LPG Bottling Plant With DES Using Flexsim Simulation Tool

A. G. Bello, H. Hussin, M. Muhammad — Sun, 29 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study explores the application of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) using FlexSim software to enhance the operational efficiency of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) bottling plant. The primary goal is to ensure that the LPG plant can safely and efficiently meet escalating market demands, thereby prioritising all stakeholders' safety.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design focused on empirical research and experimental simulation modelling. The study began with collecting and analysing one month of LPG plant data, laying the foundation for developing a simulation model. Verification and validation processes ensured the model's accuracy, enabling the investigation of various operational scenarios. The key performance indicators like First Time to Failure (FTTF), Time Between Failures (TBF), and Time to Repair (TTR) were analysed. The availability rates were 77% from actual data and 76% from simulations, showing that the model is suitable for real-world use.

Findings: This study's findings underscore the potential impact of proactive maintenance strategies and operational enhancements as practical and applicable approaches to optimising performance. The analysis also revealed significant improvement opportunities through what-if scenarios: increasing MTBF by 100%, reducing MTTR by 50%, and raising conveyor speed by 15%.

Research Limitation: The study's dependence on a systematic literature review could restrict its ability to capture the industry's real-time dynamics.

Practical Implication: Implementing proactive maintenance strategies and operational enhancements as practical approaches can reduce downtime and costs and promote productivity and safety.

Social Implication: Optimising plant operations will help maintain supply chain stability with the growing demand for LPG.

Originality/Value: This work contributes valuable insights and recommendations, establishing a foundation for informed decision-making in the LPG bottling sector.

Testing Endogeneity of Money Supply: An Application to Rwandan Data

A. Mukamuhire, R. Muremyi, W. Gasafari Mpabuka — Wed, 19 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The study aims to study the endogeneity of the money supply in Rwanda. The objective is to identify the empirical evidence regarding the extent and characteristics of this endogeneity specifically concerning variables such as monetary base, credit, demand deposit, and industrial production index.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study utilizes Rwandan data from January 2012 to December 2022, the study used data provided by the National Bank of Rwanda and the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. The study employs descriptive analysis which involves examining descriptive statistics for each variable to understand the data's characteristics and assess the dispersion of the data points from their mean, time series analysis, cointegration testing, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) modelling, and Vector error correction model (VECM), were also be used in the research.

Findings: This research reveals that in Rwanda, the monetary base and overall monetary aggregates are primarily influenced by the extent of lending by commercial banks and demand deposits. It identifies a short-term causal relationship wherein the monetary base affects bank loans and the money supply. However, in the short term, the quantity of deposits, money supply, and the monetary base appear to have no direct impact on the volume of loans extended by commercial banks. The models validate that monetary indicators are chiefly influenced by the industrial production index, bank deposits, and the volume of loans issued by commercial banks

Research Limitation/Implications: Establishing clear causality between money supply and economic variables such as output and inflation is challenging due to the potential for bidirectional causality. The money supply can influence these variables, and vice versa, making it difficult to identify the direction and magnitude of causal relationships.

Practical Implications: The study's emphasis on the pivotal role played by commercial banks and their lending activities in the creation of money in Rwanda provides valuable insights into the country's banking sector dynamics.

Social Implications: This knowledge can be used to design policies that promote financial inclusion, ensuring banks' activities contribute to wider economic goals.

Originality/ Value: The use of a range of analytical techniques, including descriptive analysis, time series analysis, cointegration testing, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) modelling, and Vector error correction model (VECM), adds rigour to the analysis and enhances the robustness of the findings.

Ghanaian Construction Workers’ Health and Safety Knowledge and Compliance

I. Aidoo, N. B. Ansah, F. K. Bondinuba, E. S. Allotey — Sun, 23 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study seeks to assess the knowledge level of local construction workers regarding health and safety measures on construction sites.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research approach was employed, using interval Likert-type scales to measure data. A purposive sampling technique was employed for the study. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed, with 122 returned and deemed valid for analysis. Descriptive statistics, relative importance index, Pearson Correlation, and structural equation modelling were utilised for the study. Data analysis was conducted using Amos 28 through structural equation modelling.

Findings: The results indicate that the level of knowledge in construction health and safety practices directly and indirectly affects project performance and productivity. Higher levels of knowledge were associated with higher compliance with construction health and safety practices, leading to increased project performance and productivity. Compliance with health and safety measures directly influenced project performance and productivity. Additionally, the level of knowledge had a positive indirect effect on project performance and productivity.

Research Limitations: Primarily, the sample was confined to construction workers within specific regions of Ghana, which may limit the applicability of the results to other geographic areas or contexts. Additionally, using self-reported data through questionnaires could introduce bias, as participants may respond in ways they perceive as socially desirable rather than reflecting true behaviours and knowledge levels.

Practical Implication: Construction firms and authorities should prioritise safety training and tight safety regulations. Knowledge and compliance boost project performance and efficiency, making them a compelling financial case for investment. Companies could integrate advanced training modules and ongoing learning opportunities to maintain safety knowledge and compliance leading to more efficient and safer construction methods.

Social Implications: The study shows substantial social consequences for construction worker health and safety. It emphasises the need for improved education, regulation, and compliance to reduce workplace injuries and fatalities.

Originality/value: It contributes to understanding the relationship between project performance and productivity in a complex construction environment.

Inclement Entrepreneurial Gaps in Community Wildlife Management Business Model: A Case of Mbarang’andu and Tunduru Wmas in Southern Tanzania

R. G. Mashenene, F. A. Mawi — Tue, 02 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study examined entrepreneurial gaps in Mbarang’andu and Tunduru Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) since their establishment during the 5 years of business plan operations and implications thereafter.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of this study was five WMAs that formed the cases for the study, and for the case of WMA leaders, the population was 40 leaders. The sample size for the WMAs selected as the cases for the study were two (2), Tunduru and Mbarang’andu purposefully selected. Further, the sample size for WMA leaders was 20 (50% of the population) purposefully selected. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise demographic and revenue data, and a Pearson Chi-square test was performed on the demographic data. A paired samples T-test was used to compare the required business start-up and available funds to reveal the equity gap in the two WMAs and compare the level of implementation of planned business activities in the two WMAs.

Research Limitation: The research was limited to two WMAs and a small sample size since the client determined its size, given that this paper emanated from the consultancy project.

Findings: Findings indicate that both WMAs have a high potential for carbon trading, photographic tourism, beekeeping, fish farming, and heritage tourism. The difference in the required funding and available funds for various expenditures in business start-ups was found to be statistically significant in both WMAs. The difference in the level of implementation of planned business activities was also found to be statistically significant in the two WMAs.

Practical implications: To bridge the entrepreneurial gaps in the WMAs, proactive fundraising, diversification of income-generating activities, including carbon trading, human resource capacity building, and appropriate marketing of tourism and nature-based products are needed.

Social Implications: The results of this research will form the basis for bridging entrepreneurial gaps in the WMAs, hence fueling optimal exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities in wildlife that benefit the community at large in return.

Originality: This paper is original; only some extracts were used in the conference proceedings for the University of Dodoma (UDOM) 2019. Its novelty is inclined to expose entrepreneurial gaps and the framework for bridging such gaps in wildlife businesses.

Embracing Business Sustainability: The Case of Small and Micro Tourist Accommodation In The Upper East Region

O. A. Anaba, B. A. Asunka, C. S. Boatbil, D. Polycarp, J. Akanyako, O. D. Mba — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study holds significant importance as it delves into the degree to which small and micro tourist businesses (SMTBs), particularly small lodging businesses in the Upper East Region of Ghana, have adopted the concept of sustainability. This investigation is crucial for understanding the current state of sustainability in the tourism industry.

Design/Methodology/ Approach: This study employed a purposive sampling technique and conducted a comprehensive survey of 196 lodging facility owner-managers. The responses of 144 participants were meticulously examined to gauge the level of sustainability embraced by their companies. A 5-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much so), was used to measure the responses. The statistical techniques of ANOVA and frequency analysis were employed to investigate and test the means of the variables and their significance across business categories.

Findings: The findings revealed that, depending on the type of business, there are notable variations in the following areas: 1) attitude toward accepting sustainability; 2) application of sustainability for their enterprises; and 3) understanding of the obstacles to applying sustainability among owner-managers of lodging houses.

Research Limitation/Implication: This study was only exploratory due to some practical constraints and methodological limitations that prevented the inclusion of a wide range of sectors. It also focused on SMTBs in only the Upper East Region of Ghana.

Practical Implication: A policy foundation is necessary for small businesses to respond dynamically to changing business and social environment trends. For example, environmental marks in the manufacturing industry, environmental tourism management practices, and environmental tourism consumption experiences should be introduced and rewarded, and related promotion measures should be specified.

Social Implication: The study recommends policy options for improving SMTB sustainability and how their establishments can impact the environment and society.

Originality/Value: The study's originality is how SMBTs respond to environmental sustainability concerning their business characteristics at the local level. Secondly, the Upper East Region of Ghana has many tourism businesses; hence, there is a need to understand the concept of sustainable tourism specifically applied to business activities.

Digital Innovations and their Ramifications for Financial and State Security

A. Krysovatyy, O. Desyatnyuk, O. Ptashchenko — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: In the current era of rapid digitalisation across all spheres of public life, the issue of financial and national security takes on a new dimension. Digital technologies bring about significant changes in the security domain, accelerating and streamlining many processes. However, digitalisation also presents new challenges and threats. Therefore, studying and enhancing financial and national security strategies is necessary. The research aims to analyse the specifics of implementing digital technologies in financial and national security.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is theoretical. Theoretically, the ascent methods are applied from the abstract to the concrete, axiomatic, analysis, synthesis, logical-semantic, systems-analytical methods, scientific abstraction, and formalisation. The study is limited by the difficulty of empirically verifying theoretical conclusions.

Findings: Blockchain technology provides high transparency, accessibility, and accountability in financial operations. Challenges and risks related to the research process have been identified, including cybercrime and the need for updated regulatory and legal frameworks.

Research Limitation/Implications: The article examines the potential of modern digital technologies in optimising financial and national security strategies and the challenges and achievements of the digitalisation of security sector transformation. The study is limited by the lack of access to official, reliable data and the difficulty of implementing an empirical verification of theoretical conclusions.

Social Implication: The research demonstrates that security resilience in a globally integrated environment depends on the level of digital innovation implemented for risk management.

Practical Implication: The research findings have practical value for transforming contemporary financial and national security systems and shaping relevant government sector development programs.

Originality/ Value: The text outlines priority digitalisation solutions for risk prediction and mitigation. The study examines digital technologies that facilitate real-time automation of the risk management process.

Expanding Fashion Creativity through Jute and Shredded Waste Fabric Concept

A. C. Chichi, E. Nkrumah , S. P. Pardie, K. B. Asinyo — Fri, 27 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study explores the practice of reuse and recycling in the fashion world, specifically focusing on producing fashionable garments using jute and shredded fabric. The purpose is to address environmental challenges while creating aesthetically pleasing products.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs a studio-based practice approach, where jute and shredded fabric pieces are carefully reused and recycled to create garments for runway exhibitions. The creative-reuse flow model is utilised in the creative process, incorporating dyeing and tuck-in as embellishing techniques.

Research Limitation: This study is limited to using jute and shredded fabric pieces in garment production. However, further research could explore the application of other recycled materials and their impact on the fashion industry.

Findings: The findings from the production process reveal that achieving the actual colour (black) through dyeing was challenging due to the raw nature of the jute material. This study addresses environmental challenges associated with producing fashionable products by promoting reuse and recycling in fashion. It highlights the potential for sustainable practices in the industry and encourages audience appreciation for recycled fashion garments.

Practical Implication: Utilising shredded fabric pieces and jute in garment production reduces textile waste, diverting tons of discarded clothing from landfills. This promotes a circular fashion economy where materials are reused instead of discarded.

Social Implication: This study addresses environmental challenges associated with producing fashionable products by promoting reuse and recycling in fashion. It highlights the potential for sustainable practices in the industry and encourages audience appreciation for recycled fashion garments.

Originality/Value: This study offers a unique approach to garment production by combining the concepts of reuse, recycling, and aesthetics in fashion. It provides insights into the creative process and demonstrates the potential for environmentally friendly practices in the industry.

Reliability of Students’ Teaching Practice Scores Using Generalizability Theory

G. Oduro-Okyireh, K. Asamoah-Gyimah, T. Oduro-Okyireh, R. M. Nugba — Wed, 19 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The aim was to demonstrate the potency of using Generalisability Theory (GT) over Classical Test Theory (CTT) in reliability estimation. The objectives are to find the major source of error in the Intern Teaching Evaluation Form (ITEF) scores and to identify the optimum number of occasions of rating of teaching practice that would give the most reliable scores.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A random effects one-facet fully crossed design in which intern (p) was fully crossed with occasion (o) was adopted for the study. In all, 9,082 bachelor’s degree teaching practice triplicate scores for three academic years from 2015/2016 to 2017/2018 were analysed in this study. A univariate generalisability analysis with EduG was performed to analyse data.

Findings: The finding for relative interpretation, the scores were strongly reliable. For absolute interpretation, the scores were moderate to strongly dependable. The major source of error in the ITEF scores was the p x o interaction combined with unidentified sources.

Research Limitation/Implications: A firm conclusion on one major source of error being a single facet in the ITEF scores could not be made.

Practical Implication: The level of reliability and the optimum scoring design of the ITEF established by this study will aid in selecting the ITEF by teacher training institutions in Ghana for evaluation of teaching practice to train pre-service teachers for effective curriculum implementation to achieve national educational aims.

Social Implication: Reliable evaluation data can inform policy decisions related to teacher certification, professional development, and educational standards. Policymakers can use this data to develop evidence-based policies that support teacher quality and student achievement.

Originality/ Value: It has unearthed the psychometric properties and the ideal scoring design of the ITEF which were hitherto unknown.

The Influence of System Users’ Competencies on The Performance of Human Capital Management Information Systems in Tanzanian

H. Matimbwa, M. Kamala — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: Human Capital Management Information System (HCMIS) performance in Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs) is investigated in this study, with a focus on the effect of user competency.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used an explanatory cross-sectional methodology. Mwanza, Arusha, Dodoma, Morogoro, Iringa, and Kagera were the six regions of Tanzania that were included in the study, which included 37 LGAs. A total of 201 Human Resource Officers (HROs) were randomly chosen from each of the sampled districts to fill out a questionnaire that provided the bulk of the study's data. Six (6) HRO "approvers" and two (2) directors from the Human Capital Division were among the eight (8) key informants who were in-depth interviewed. Ordered logistic regression and content analysis were used to analyse the data.

Findings: The study found that 21% of the HROs had sufficient IT skills, 52% claimed to have a deep understanding of HR, and 56% had 4–7 years of experience. System users' abilities, including their degree of IT skills, commitment, and experience, significantly affect HCMIS performance in terms of completeness, accuracy, and timeliness of information, according to the results of the ordered logistic model.

Practical Implications: The study underscores the need for comprehensive and ongoing training programs to improve user competency. By regularly updating the knowledge and skills of employees, LGAs can ensure more efficient and effective use of the HCMIS.

Social Implications: Individuals can be empowered to take charge of their professional development, leading to increased job satisfaction, employee motivation, improved HCMIS competencies, and, in turn, fostering diversity and inclusion.

Originality and Value: The paper identified, cognitive abilities, and behavioural competencies, tailored to the needs and realities of Tanzanian organisations. This holistic approach to assessing competencies is relatively novel and adds depth to understanding how different aspects of user capabilities contribute to system performance.

Reading Difficulty of Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) Leaflets for Five Chronic Ailments in Ghana

W. K. Gyasi, J. S. Dwumoh — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study examined the reading difficulty of Consumer Medicine Information leaflets of five chronic-disease medicines.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 192 leaflets were randomly downloaded from the World Wide Web: Asthma (35), Cancer (42), Diabetes (41), HIV (29), and Hypertension (45). Text from each ‘leaflet’ was analysed using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Reading Ease, and Gunning Fog indexes.

Findings: Consistently, the difficulty of the texts exceeded the recommended difficulty levels. A comparison of mean scores showed leaflets for HIV medication were the most difficult to read because they were written at grade levels too high for the average literate adult.

Research Limitations: Readability indexes are suited to only prose. They neither measure how well-organised the text is, nor indicate the suitability of typographical features, such as illustrations, typeface, appeal of presentation, and use of white space. Readability scores do not account for readers’ backgrounds, exposure, and motivation.

Practical implication: Developing user-friendly consumer medicine information leaflets can reduce the need for extensive explanations, allowing healthcare providers to allocate their time more efficiently.

Social Implication: Improving the readability of Consumer Medicine Information leaflets can enhance health literacy, leading to better health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs associated with medication errors.

Originality/Value: While readability indices have been widely used, their application specifically to Consumer Medicine Information leaflets for chronic ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, arthritis, and heart disease in Ghana is novel. Chronic ailments require continuous and often complex medication regimens, making readability particularly crucial.

Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rates in Patients with Heart Failure

T. Rizinde, I. Ngaruye, N. D. Cahill — Fri, 19 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: The potential of predictive analytics in enhancing resource allocation and patient care for Heart failure (HF) outcomes is significant. This review aims to highlight this potential by analyzing existing studies and identifying the main barriers and challenges to applicability in all settings.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A comprehensive search of related articles was meticulously conducted across electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. Using precise search phrases and keywords, 1,835 scholarly articles published between 1 January 2017 and 14 May 2024 were retrieved. Only 23 articles that met the strict inclusion criteria were considered, ensuring the validity of the findings. A quantitative meta-analysis approach was utilised.

Research Limitation/Implication: This research offers insights into enhancing healthcare outcomes as we analyse the challenges and feasibility of applying ML algorithms to predict heart failure outcomes in low-income settings.

Findings: The challenges include scalability, ethical and legal issues, the choice of appropriate ML model, interpretability, data availability, and healthcare professional mistrust of these ML algorithms.

Practical implications: This study offers practical strategies to bridge the gap between clinical practice and predictive analytics in these regions. These strategies should inspire and motivate healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to consider and implement them.

Social implication: This study provides insights that may improve HF outcomes and healthcare delivery.

Originality/Value: The review identifies current gaps in the research, such as the need for more robust validation studies, the challenge of model interpretability, and the necessity for models that can be easily integrated into clinical workflows.

Exploration of Pedagogical Staff Readiness for Professional Transformation: Analysis of Synchronous Online Focus Group (SOFG) Study Results

O. Prosina, M. Kyrychenko, L. Sergeieva, T. Ivchenko, Y. Fedorova — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: In the face of contemporary challenges within the socio-social spheres globally, particularly within educational systems, the professional transformation of pedagogical (scientific-pedagogical) staff is paramount. Therefore, this research explores this professional category's readiness for change, a significant relevance and impact topic.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design included a focus group survey to explore the views and experiences of educators on critical aspects of professional transformation. Focus group participants discussed motivation, skills, resources, and barriers in the context of implementing the New Ukrainian School (NUS) reform. The sample size was 718 people. The selection procedure involved forming groups comprised of individuals from diverse segments of the educational system, including primary and secondary school teachers. The focus group participants were selected based on the principle of strategic selection to ensure a diversity of opinions and experiences among educators at different levels. The focus group discussions were structured around open-ended inquiries and key themes, facilitating comprehensive responses and enriching the analysis with valuable insights. The results were analysed through thematic coding and grouping participants' responses by key aspects of professional transformation. Considering the focus group discussions, different views and experiences of educators were compared and analysed.

Findings: The study's results underscore a significant aspect of the research, indicating a high level of educators' motivation for change, readiness for self-improvement, and openness to embracing updated educational values. These findings hold the potential to impact the field of pedagogy significantly.

Research Limitation/Implications: It was noted that focus groups, as an effective method of scientific research, require clear objectives, identification of participants and moderators, development of guides and scenarios, testing of questions and scenarios, consideration of threats, and provision of accurate instructions.

Social Implication: This improves teachers' professional competence and mastery of modern pedagogical methods and technologies. The level of readiness of teaching staff for transformation can also have a positive impact on the development of the educational system, stimulating innovation and the improvement of curricula.

Practical Implication: This facilitates the development of professional development programmes that consider teachers' specific needs and provide them with the necessary skills and resources to implement innovations in the classroom successfully.

Originality/ Value: This study's novelty is that it confirms the assumptions about teachers' readiness for professional transformation, which have been clarified and supplemented by the central concept.

Groundwater Quality Assessment: A Case of Urban Population Demography and Nutrient Enrichment in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

E. U. Etim, R. O. Olatunji — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study examines sulphate, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate concentrations in groundwater found within shallow hand-dug wells around residential areas with low, medium, and high population densities in Ibadan. Furthermore, it establishes seasonal variations of nutrients in groundwater sources.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The city's eleven Local Government Areas [LGAs] were classified into three zones of low, medium and high-density populated areas for groundwater sample collection. From each zone, three samples were collected from the dry season and three from the rainy season from hand-dug wells [about 5m], giving 198 samples. Grab samples were collected using water samples from the wells. The groundwater samples were analysed for sulphate by turbidimetric method, nitrate by phenoldisulphonic acid method, ammonia by nesslerisation method and phosphate by ammonium molybdate-ascorbic acid method using standard procedures.

Findings: Results show sulphate, nitrate, ammonia and phosphate levels in groundwater were generally high around high-density populated areas, especially during the dry season across the eleven LGAs. Mainly, sulphate and nitrate levels exceeded the NIS 977: 2017 standards of 100mg/L and 10mg/L in Ibadan Southeast and sulphate in Ibadan Northeast at high and medium populated density areas. Statistical T-testing (p=0.05) shows a significant difference in seasonal nutrient levels for all the LGAs. A positive correlation was observed in nutrient concentrations with a depth of the groundwater source.

Practical Implications: Nutrients are among the most potent contaminants of groundwater, which poses a significant threat to human capital development and health. High levels of sulphate and nitrate in the groundwater supply can lead to poor palatability and methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome) in babies.

Social Implications: Public enlightenment is needed on the dangers of high groundwater nutrient concentrations and their human health implications.

Originality and Value: This study provides much-needed data on groundwater nutrient levels since other available data centres focus primarily on trace metals and organics in groundwater within the Ibadan city demography.

Industry 4.0 Technologies and Law in Enhancing Human Capacity Among Women in The Nigeria Construction Industry: A Systematic Review

O. O. Adepoju, T. T. Nwulu, O. A. Esan — Mon, 17 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: This study examines the impact of Industry 4.0 and the role of law in enhancing women's involvement in Nigeria's construction sector.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a systematic review of relevant literature from Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, EBSCO, Emerald Insight, and Proquest Central between 2011 to 2023 on the various issues addressed in the research. A thematic analysis was adopted to discuss the findings from the reviewed articles in line with the study's objective.

Findings: Industry 4.0 technologies enhance women's involvement in the construction industry by automating risky tasks, ensuring safety, and reducing working hours for family responsibilities. Limiting women's participation in construction results in unconstitutional gender-based discrimination and the law has not been fully explored in ensuring gender equality in the construction industry.

Research Limitation/Implications: The study's reliance on a systematic literature review may limit capturing real-time industry dynamics.

Practical Implication: Implementation of industry 4.0 technologies in the construction industry has the potential to create a safer, inclusive work environment by automating hazardous tasks and reducing working hours.

Social Implication: Construction 4.0, if embraced, has the potential to challenge traditional gender norms, fostering a more equitable industry.

Originality/Value: The study offers a novel approach that assesses the collective impact of technology and the law on enhancing women's participation and capacity-building initiatives, thereby contributing to gender equality and empowerment in the industry.

Changes in Body Weight and Morphometric During Varying Growth Phases of Freshwater Tortoise (Geochelone Nigra) in Intensive Management Practices

Sat, 22 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0500

Purpose: In the Agriculture industry, tortoises may not have a great commercial value compared with chicken and hoofed mammals; nevertheless, they have a substantial economic value for food, medicine, and ecological services. The empirical work was conducted at the Departmental Research Center (DRC), to investigate the impact of growth phases on body weight (BW) and morphometrics of different age groups.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: Eighty freshwater tortoises of 4 age groups (20 hatchlings, 20 juveniles, 20 sub-adults and 20 adults) were obtained from the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife in Nigeria. A deep litter housing system was used for the present study. Tortoises were fed with cooked meat, concentrate, fermented cassava, and palm fruits.

Findings: The mean BW ranged from 41.00g - 848.00g. The result revealed that the mean BW of the tortoise value (503g). The Coefficient of Variance (CV) of morphometrics ranged from 9.73% - 15.63%. The straight carapace length (SCL) had a higher CV value (15.63%), followed by plastron length (PL) (12.90%) and least value (9.73%) for carapace width (CW). There was huge difference in all the morphometric except SCL and CW for sub-adult and adults’ tortoises. The result revealed that SCL, CW, PL and plastron width (PW) had distinct differences from BW. The correlation coefficient of BW and morphometric of juvenile growth phase (JGP) and sub-adult phase (SAGP) ranged from (0.326 – 0.964) and (0.275 – 0.953) respectively.

Research Limitation/Implications: This research focused on the availability and sustainability of freshwater tortoises in Nigeria.

Practical Implication: This paper has potential implications for understanding the management and improvement of the freshwater tortoise in Nigeria.

Social Implication: This study will enhance the availability and development of freshwater tortoise for policy-makers in addressing sustainable food security through social, economic and environmental stability for the present and future generations.

Originality/Value: This study is based on the data collected on body weight and morphometric traits during growth phases.